Cov Khoom Siv PVC

Polyvinyl chloride (los yog: poly(vinyl chloride), colloquial: polyvinyl, los yog tsuas yog vinyl; luv luv: PVC) yog lub ntiaj teb thib peb-feem ntau tsim cov polymer yas (tom qab polyethylene thiab polypropylene). Kwv yees li 40 lab tons ntawm PVC raug tsim tawm txhua xyoo.

PVC muaj ob hom yooj yim: tawv (qee zaum hu ua RPVC) thiab yoog tau. Hom tawv ntawm PVC siv rau hauv kev tsim kho rau cov yeeb nkab thiab hauv cov ntawv thov profile xws li qhov rooj thiab qhov rai. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev ua cov fwj yas, cov ntim khoom tsis yog khoom noj, cov ntawv npog khoom noj thiab daim npav yas (xws li daim npav txhab nyiaj lossis daim npav tswv cuab). Nws tuaj yeem ua kom mos dua thiab yoog tau ntau dua los ntawm kev ntxiv cov yas, qhov feem ntau siv yog phthalates. Hauv daim ntawv no, nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov kav dej, cov xov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, tawv cuav, pem teb, cov paib, cov ntaub ntawv phonograph, cov khoom siv inflatable, thiab ntau daim ntawv thov uas nws hloov roj hmab. Nrog paj rwb lossis ntaub pua chaw, nws siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntaub canvas.

Polyvinyl chloride ntshiab yog ib yam khoom dawb, tawg yooj yim. Nws tsis yaj hauv cawv tab sis yaj me ntsis hauv tetrahydrofuran.

PVC tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tshuaj German Eugen Baumann hauv xyoo 1872 tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev sim ntev. Cov polymer tau tshwm sim ua cov khoom dawb hauv lub raj mis ntawm vinyl chloride uas tau tso rau ntawm lub txee tiv thaiv ntawm tshav ntuj rau plaub lub lis piam. Thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, tus kws tshuaj Lavxias Ivan Ostromislensky thiab Fritz Klatte ntawm lub tuam txhab tshuaj German Griesheim-Elektron ob leeg tau sim siv PVC hauv cov khoom lag luam, tab sis qhov nyuaj hauv kev ua cov polymer tawv, qee zaum brittle tau cuam tshuam lawv cov kev siv zog. Waldo Semon thiab BF Goodrich Company tau tsim ib txoj kev hauv xyoo 1926 los ua kom PVC yas los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog ntau yam khoom ntxiv, suav nrog kev siv dibutyl phthalate los ntawm xyoo 1933.