Khoom siv PVC

Polyvinyl chloride (xws li: poly (vinyl chloride), colloquial: polyvinyl, los yog yooj yim vinyl; abbreviated: PVC) yog lub ntiaj teb thib peb-feem ntau dav tsim hluavtaws polymer ntawm yas (tom qab polyethylene thiab polypropylene).Kwv yees li 40 lab tons ntawm PVC yog tsim txhua xyoo.

PVC tuaj nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv yooj yim: nruj (qee zaum abbreviated li RPVC) thiab hloov tau.Daim ntawv nruj ntawm PVC yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho rau cov yeeb nkab thiab hauv cov ntawv thov profile xws li qhov rooj thiab qhov rais.Nws kuj yog siv los ua lub raj mis yas, ntim khoom tsis yog khoom noj, cov ntawv npog zaub mov thiab daim npav yas (xws li cov tsev txhab nyiaj lossis daim npav ua tswv cuab).Nws tuaj yeem ua softer thiab hloov tau yooj yim los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm plasticizers, feem ntau siv yog phthalates.Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, nws kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kav dej, hluav taws xob cable rwb thaiv tsev, imitation tawv, flooring, signage, phonograph records, inflatable khoom, thiab ntau yam kev siv nyob rau hauv uas nws hloov cov roj hmab.Nrog paj rwb los yog linen, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov canvas.

Ntshiab polyvinyl chloride yog dawb, nkig khoom.Nws yog insoluble hauv cawv tab sis me ntsis soluble hauv tetrahydrofuran.

PVC tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1872 los ntawm German chemist Eugen Baumann tom qab txuas ntxiv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev sim.Cov polymer tau tshwm sim raws li cov khoom dawb nyob rau hauv ib lub khob ntawm yas chloride uas tau tso rau ntawm lub txee uas nyob ntawm lub hnub ci rau plaub lub lis piam.Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo, Lavxias teb sab chemist Ivan Ostromislensky thiab Fritz Klatte ntawm lub German tshuaj lub tuam txhab Griesheim-Elektron ob leeg sim siv PVC nyob rau hauv cov khoom lag luam, tab sis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev ua kom nruj, tej zaum brittle polymer thwarted lawv cov dag zog.Waldo Semon thiab BF Goodrich Company tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev hauv xyoo 1926 los ua cov yas PVC los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog ntau yam khoom ntxiv, suav nrog kev siv dibutyl phthalate los ntawm 1933.